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Jenderal (Purn.) Tan Sri Dato' Paduka SeriRaja Mohamed Affandi bin Raja Mohamed Nor (lahir 22 Juni 1968) adalah Panglima Angkatan Tentara Malaysia sejak 2016 hingga 2018.

Kehidupan Awal

Ia dilahirkan pada 22 Juni 1968 di Besut, Terengganu. Tidak seperti kebanyakan Panglima Angkatan Tentera Malaysia lainnya, Raja Mohamed Affandi selain merupakan seorang perwira militer senior ia juga seorang keturunan bangsawan dari Negeri Perak. Sehingga dengan status inilah ia tidak menggunakan gelar kehormatan "Yang Berbahagia" di depan namanya melainkan berhak menyandang gelar "Yang Mulia".

Riwayat Pendidikan

Ia mengenyam pendidikan dasar di Sekolah Kg Raja, Besut, dan pendidikan menengah di Sekolah Menengah Sultan Ismail. Ia kemudian mengikuti Pre-Officer Cadet Training Unit (Pre-OCTU) di Kamp Sebatang Karah, Port Dickson sebelum melanjutkan pelatihannya sebagai Cadet Officer di Royal Military College , Sungai Besi . Ia dilantik sebagai Letnan Dua (Bahasa Melayu : Leftenan Muda ) pada 11 Mei 1977 dan ditugaskan ke Royal Malay Regiment.

Ia melanjutkan studinya saat masih bertugas. Ia memperoleh gelar Master dalam Studi Pertahanan dari University of New South Wales dan gelar Master of Science dalam Studi Pertahanan dan Strategi dari Quaid-i-Azam University.

Karier Militer

Jenderal Tan Sri Raja Mohamed Affandi terlibat langsung dalam Darurat Malaya Kedua selama hari-hari awalnya sebagai perwira angkatan darat. Ia memimpin unitnya sebagai komandan peleton dan kemudian sebagai komandan kompi yang bertempur dengan pemberontak komunis. Ia kemudian menjadi Ajudan Wakil Kepala Angkatan Darat, Instruktur Utama di Pusat Pelatihan Dasar Angkatan Darat ( Melayu : Pusat Latihan Asas Tentera Darat — PUSASDA ), Komandan Batalyon ke-18, Resimen Melayu Kerajaan (18 RAMD), Perwira St

National museum in Singapore

The National Gallery Singapore, often known exonymously as the National Gallery, is a public institution and national museum dedicated to art and culture located in the Civic District of Singapore. It oversees the world's largest public collection of Singaporean and regional art of the Eastern world, specifically of Southeast Asia, with a collection of more than 9,000 items.

The Gallery aims to provide an understanding and appreciation of art and culture through a variety of media, focusing on Singapore's culture and heritage and its relationship with other Asian cultures and the world. It consists of two national monuments, the former Supreme Court and former City Hall buildings, and has a combined floor area of 64,000 square metres (690,000 sq ft), making it the largest visual arts venue and largest museum in Singapore. A total cost of approximately S$532 million has gone into the National Gallery Singapore's development.

For the breadth, scope, and magnitude of its collections, the National Gallery Singapore is widely considered by art enthusiasts as being one of the greatest art museums in Singapore and the region. Subsequently, it is one of the most visited art museums in the world, often attracting almost two million visitors annually. Admission to the National Gallery Singapore is complimentary for Singaporean citizens and permanent residents.

The National Gallery also houses various fine dining restaurants that has won global accolades. These include Odette, a restaurant that has been rated as being one of the best in Asia – in addition to having three Michelin stars, as well as the National Kitchen by Violet Oon.

History

Planning

At his National Day Rally speech on 21 August 2005, Prime MinisterLee Hsien Loong me

1963–1966 military conflict

The Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation or Borneo confrontation (known as Konfrontasi in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore) was an armed conflict from 1963 to 1966 that stemmed from Indonesia's opposition to the creation of the state of Malaysia from the Federation of Malaya. After Indonesian president Sukarno was deposed in 1966, the dispute ended peacefully.

The creation of Malaysia was a merger of the Federation of Malaya (now Peninsular Malaysia), Singapore and the British Crown colonies of North Borneo and Sarawak (collectively known as British Borneo, now East Malaysia) in September 1963. Vital precursors to the conflict included Indonesia's policy of confrontation against Dutch New Guinea from March to August 1962 and the Indonesia-backed Brunei revolt in December 1962. Malaysia had direct military support from the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. Indonesia had indirect support from the USSR and China, thus making it an episode of the Cold War in Asia.

The conflict was an undeclared war with most of the action occurring in the border area between Indonesia and East Malaysia on the island of Borneo (known as Kalimantan in Indonesia). However Indonesia also conducted lower intensity covert actions on the Malay Peninsula and in Singapore. The conflict was characterised by restrained and isolated ground combat, set within tactics of low-level brinkmanship. Combat was usually conducted by company- or platoon-sized operations on either side of the border. Indonesia's campaign of infiltrations into Borneo sought to exploit how ethnically and religiously diverse Sabah and Sarawak were compared to that of Malaya and Singapore, with the intent of unravelling the proposed state of Malaysia.

The jungle terrain of Borneo and the lack of roads straddling the Indonesia–Malaysia border forced both Indonesian and Commonwealth forces to conduct long foot patrols. Both sides

• Ustaz Kamaruzaman Afandi, Assistant Director (Assessment)
• Ms. Zauwiyah Majid, Head (Engagement)
• Ustaz Muhammad Saiful Alam Shah, Head (Policy)

• Mr. Yazid Mohamad Ali, Deputy Director (Policy)
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