Nooran lal biography of mahatma gandhi

Definition
Decolonization is a process by which colonies become independent of the colonizing
country. Decolonization was gradual and peaceful for some British colonies settled by
expatriates but violent for others, where native rebellions were energized by nationalism. The
initial countries to obtain independence from Great Britain in 1947 were Pakistan and India.
There were a few causes of this process: the Atlantic Charter (a document that implicated
the objectives of the allied powers if they must win World War Two). Another cause was the
consequence of World War Two or Aftermath (Britain and France had been in a war for the past
6 years, in which one of them was taken over -France and the other was being threatened to be
taken over since 1940-Britain). The third one was the fact that colonies were discontented after
World War Two (many of these colonies offered resources and manpower to their colonial
resources during this war). Another cause was colonial nationalism, because these colonies
wished to become independent.

Localization
The creation of so many new countries, some of which occupied strategic locations,
others of which possessed significant natural resources, and most of which were desperately
poor, altered the composition of the United Nations and political complexity of every region of
the globe. In the mid to late 19th century, the European powers colonized much of Africa and
Southeast Asia. During the decades of imperialism, the industrializing powers of Europe viewed
the African and Asian continents as reservoirs of raw materials, labor, and territory for future
settlement.

Historical landmarks
Events such as the Indonesian struggle for independence from the Netherlands (1945–
50), the Vietnamese war against France (1945–54), and the nationalist and professed socialist
takeovers of Egypt (1952) and Iran (1951) served to reinforce such fears, even if new
governments did not directly link themselves to the So

The village to which my parents and grandparents belong nestles in a seemingly insignificant part of the world. Khanpur is home to a few thousand people who eat and sell what Punjab’s fertile land yields. It is just a few hours’ drive from Pakistan but bears no trace of a shared past. Occasionally on summer days military jets zoom across the sky and children run outside their homes in the hope of seeing more.

Like many Indian immigrants growing up in Britain in the 1980s, I visited the birthplace of my parents frequently and stayed there for long periods. Though Punjab was the epicenter of the sectarian conflict, rarely did I hear stories about the 1947 Partition, when the Subcontinent was cleaved into two nation states: Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan. My grandmother mentioned only a few times how the family house, the first brick dwelling built there in early 1900s, had been a refuge for our Sikh relatives who fled Pakistan.

Behind that house was a mound, an elevated dirt patch that belonged to our family where the boys and girls would go to play. That was where Taj lived, the village bachelor known for the quality of dung cakes he made, which were used in ovens throughout the village. It was a job my grandmother had given him. It didn’t carry much status—it wasn’t akin to working on the farm or taking care of buffalos. But what little he earned provided him with a roof over his head.

Over time, as an adult my visits became less frequent, and on each trip I would notice the ways village life changed. Brick rooms slowly replaced mud huts, financed by the steady trickle of remittances sent from families like mine living abroad. In addition to dung cakes, Taj carried gas cylinders for fire stoves. Though the village economy changed, there were few improvements in Taj’s life. He continued to live alone, in a mud hut, on that elevated dirt patch. I would see him out and about near the mound with a deeper bend in his lanky frame.

Once I gradua

Basudeb Chakraborti
University of Kalyani

Volume 1, Number 1, 2009 I Full Text PDF

DOI: 10.21659/rupkatha.v1n1.01

Abstract

Indian Partition fiction, on the one hand, records man’s bestiality and savagery and on the other, attests to the fact that man is essentially sincere, committed to upholding humanity to survive and sustain itself.  The paper contends to examine the fundamental goodness of some characters, which the Indian tradition underlines. By analyzing certain characters from Chaman Nahal’s Azadi, Khuswant Singh’s Train to Pakistan, Bapsi Sidhwa’s Ice-Candy-Man, Bhisham Sahni’s Tamas, Saadat Hasan Manto’s short stories and two Indian films, Mr. and Mrs. Iyar, directed by Aparna Sen and Meghe Dhaka Tara by Ritwik Ghatak, the writer tries to bring home the truth that frenzy of insanity is not final and amidst the pall of darkness and threats of insanity, there is a ray of hope.

A careful study of Indian culture and civilization as something homogenous may be debatable. It may provoke one to discard the view that India is indivisible, unitary and single in its culture and civilization. There are many ‘Indias’ even in one ‘India’. Pluralism is the kernel feature of this land of diversity. ‘The Essentials of Indianness’ is the hypothesis of this article that aims at exploring ‘Tolerance and Sacrifice in Indian Partition Fiction in English and in English Translation’.

Tolerance and sacrifice are the essential foundations of Indian culture and civilization. Hindu religion from time immemorial inspires men and women to follow the principle of tolerance and sacrifice. Belief in the divine in all living organism is an important creed of the Vedanta philosophy. Soul that is indestructible is Brahma. Swami Vivekananda once said that one who serves creatures serves the divine.Every Hindu knows the divine exists everywhere;

next →← prev

Brief Intro:

Full name- Mohan Das Karam Chandra Gandhi

Birth Date & place- 2 October 1869 in the Kathiawar Peninsula village in Porbandar, Gujarat

Death date & place- 30th January 1948, Central Delhi (in Birla house)

Parent's name- Karam Chand Uttam Chand Gandhi and Putli bai

Occupation- Leader, Social activist, and lawyer

Spouse name- Kasturba Gandhi (Baa)

Children name- Harilal Gandhi, Manilal Gandhi, Ramdas & Devdas Gandhi

Popular names & nicknames- Bapu, Mahatma Gandhi, father of the nation, etc.

About

Father of Nation, popular as "Mahatma Gandhi," originally known as Mohandas Karam Chand Gandhi was a leader, lawyer, and a great social activist. He was not only a great socialist who played an amazing role as a leader in the Independence of India but also a leader who always supported nonviolence and organized Satyagrah protests against British rule; he and thousands of Indians supported his non-violent approach and took part in his Protest with peace. Indian public had huge respect for him and addressed him as "Bapu", which means "father" in Gujarati. Thousands of people used to follow him and gather and join his ways whenever he took any stands against British rule.

Many times he went to jail for the freedom of the country, and not only in India but in the entire world, he was popular. He spent all his life for the country, and in 1948, he also died while working for the country. All his sacrifices and efforts gave him great reorganization as he got the title of "Mahatma", which means saint in Hindi. Mahatma Gandhi's popularity didn't even stop after his death, and now he is known as one of the most popular personalities in the world and is taught as "father of Nation" in textbooks for schools. Many great personalities like Martin Luther King or Nelson Mandela followed his principles, and many still are; he is an inspiration worldwide.

Birth and Early Life

The