Yekta naser biography definition

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“Yektai: A Search for Modernism”

In the mid-1940s, few Iranian artists could act on their desire to leave Iran to study in Europe. Manoucher Yektai and Monir Shahroudy (later Farmanfarmaian, Yektai’s wife from 1948 to 1953) were among the first who did. Their goal was France, not the American Dream, but facing restrictions on passage to war-torn France, they set sail in 1944 on a ship that took them to California by way of Bombay and immediately after that to New York, where they arrived in 1945. 

It was not until the 1960s that a handful of other Iranian artists immigrated to the United States. Among them were Siah Armajani, in 1960; Maryam Javaheri, who arrived in New York in 1961 and found a mentor in Ad Reinhardt; and, later that decade, Nahid Haghighat and Nicky Nodjoumi. In the 1950s, despite New York’s new status as the center of the art world, Iranian artists were aiming for Italy—themecca that drew Marcos Grigorian, Bahman Mohassess, Behjat Sadr, and Parviz Tanavoli. 

In reference to Iranians who had left their native land, Karim Emami, the prominent critic for the English version of the Tehran-based newspaper Kayhan International, wrote, in 1965: 

“Most of them (“ambulant artists”) will tell you they are enjoying their stay, along with the bigger artistic freedom of their new milieu and the presence of a larger and more sophisticated art-loving public there. And they will be quick in expressing their relief for having left behind (temporarily at least) the petty jealousies of Tehran’s artistic circles, its dearth of proper critical evaluation and the close-fistedness of its would-be buyers.” 

Among the “ambulant” artists living in the United States in the 1960s, Emami named Yektai, Grigorian (who had studied in Italy in the 1950s), and the Assyrian Iranian Hannibal Alkhas (who divided his time between Tehran and the United States), while three other prominent artists (Nasser

Abstract

Background: The adventure of the mRNA vaccine began thirty years ago in the context of influenza. This consisted in encapsulating the mRNA coding for a viral protein in a lipid particle. We show how the mRNA encoding S protein has been modified for that purpose in the context of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Results: by using data coming from genetic and epidemiologic databases, we show the theoretical possibility of fragmentation of this mRNA into small RNA sequences capable of inhibiting important bio-syntheses such as the production of beta-globin. Discussion: we discuss two aspects related to mRNA vaccine: (i) the plausibility of mRNA fragmentation, and (ii) the role of liposomal nanoparticles (LNPs) used in the vaccine and their impact on mRNA biodistribution. Conclusion: we insist on the need to develop lipid nanoparticles allowing personalized administration of vaccines and avoiding adverse effects due to mRNA fragmentation and inefficient biodistribution. Hence, we recommend (i) adapting the mRNA of vaccines to the least mutated virus proteins and (ii) personalizing its administration to the categories of chronic patients at risk most likely to suffer from adverse effects.

Keywords: microRNA, SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, mRNA, liposome, circular RNA

1. Introduction

The chemistry of nucleic acids has experienced a great development since the deciphering of the human genome in 2003. This very important scientific advance has enabled the identification of new biological targets, responsible for numerous pathologies. Different therapeutic approaches can thus be developed now to control the specific expression of the genes responsible for some of these diseases, and mRNA has shown therapeutic potential in a wide range of applications, including viral vaccines, protein replacement therapies, cancer immunotherapies, as well as genome reprogramming and editing [1,2,3,4,5,6,7