Hiratsuka raicho biography of william hill
Isaac Stephens
- Publisher
- Manchester University Press
- Format
- Hardback
- Publication date
- 2016
- Condition
- New
- SKU
- V9781784991432
- ISBN
- 9781784991432
Hardback
Condition: New
Book details
In the history of Japanese education, the “gender characteristics theory” that men and women naturally have different characteristics rejected not only the “gender equality theory”which came from Western Europe in the early Meiji era, but also the traditional “male chauvinism” of East Asia. According to the theory of gender characteristics, men and women were seen as having “equal value,” though not “equal rights.” This theory became the main educational philosophy of women's education when the single-sex school system was established in the 1900s, and likewise permeated society as a scientific theory in the 1920s.
After World War II, when gender equality became accepted, a coeducational system was introduced toward equal educational opportunities. However, the gender characteristics theory remained the basis for making home economics a compulsory subject for women, as the division of labor by gender expanded during the high economic growth period of the sixties and environs. Coeducation was a system intended for men and women to “respect” each other and “cooperate” (Article 5 of the Basic Act on Education), and gender differences in curricula in coeducational schools were seen as “reasonable” differences to ensure “essential equality” between men and women. Schools were also not considered places of gender inequality.
Elsewhere, women's universities and women's junior colleges were established after the war with the expectation that they would play a new role in training women to support the democratic society. However, they also inherited the pre-war vocational school curriculum centered on literature and home economics. When these colleges increased during the period of high economic growth, this prewar curriculum spread further, based on the gender characteristics theory. As a result, women's universities and women's junior colleges were criticized as contrary to gender equality. It was only after the 1985 ratification of the Conven
Challenges of Investigating Subculture Stories in Japan as a Foreign Correspondent
Japan is a nation that captivates many with its unique archipelago, rich culture, and renowned cuisine. However, the language barrier and a lack of understanding of its societal dynamics often hinder a full grasp of its social and political intricacies. As an international media reporter, overcoming clichés and the stereotypical image that Japan projects globally is part of the job. It's crucial to guide the readership through awareness and dismantling preconceived notions about Japan. By spotlighting subculture stories, you also provide a platform for voices that are often marginalized within Japanese society.
Engaging with people informally, in their own language, is crucial. In Japan, much also hinges on your ability to "read the atmosphere" and interpret non-verbal cues effectively.
Dispelling the Myths
Western mainstream media play a significant role in perpetuating an inaccurate perception of Japan. They often unapologetically propagate sensational stories that paint Japan as bizarre (such as men marrying dolls), foster stereotypes of a homogeneous and compliant populace, sexualize women, and promote a futuristic image of a society cohabiting with robots and overworked salarymen. These narratives not only skew reality but also detract from the deeper, more complex identity of the nation.
To delve deeper into Japanese society, it might seem obvious, but mastering the language is essential. While you can certainly work with an interpreter, a significant barrier will persist without direct communication. Engaging with people informally, in their own language, is crucial. In Japan, much also hinges on your ability to "read the atmosphere" and interpret non-verbal cues effectively.
For a story to truly resonate and be authentic, it must originate from within Japan itself, not from preconceived ideas imposed upon the country. Each narrative demands time and dedi .