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Visual art made in what is now Scotland, or about Scottish subjects, since prehistoric times

Scottish art is the body of visual art made in what is now Scotland, or about Scottish subjects, since prehistoric times. It forms a distinctive tradition within European art, but the political union with England has led its partial subsumation in British art.

The earliest examples of art from what is now Scotland are highly decorated carved stone balls from the Neolithic period. From the Bronze Age there are examples of carvings, including the first representations of objects, and cup and ring marks. More extensive Scottish examples of patterned objects and gold work are found the Iron Age. Elaborately carved Pictish stones and impressive metalwork emerged in Scotland the early Middle Ages. The development of a common style of Insular art across Great Britain and Ireland influenced elaborate jewellery and illuminated manuscripts such as the Book of Kells. Only isolated examples survive of native artwork from the late Middle Ages and of works created or strongly influenced by artists of Flemish origin. The influence of the Renaissance can be seen in stone carving and painting from the fifteenth century. In the sixteenth century the crown began to employ Flemish court painters who have left a portrait record of royalty. The Reformation removed a major source of patronage for art and limited the level of public display, but may have helped in the growth of secular domestic forms, particularly elaborate painting of roofs and walls. Although the loss of the court as a result of the Union of Crowns in 1603 removed another major source of patronage, the seventeenth century saw the emergence of the first significant native artists for whom names are extant, with figures such as George Jamesone and John Michael Wright.

In the eighteenth century Scotland began to produce artists that were significant internationally, all influen

Antiquity to 1800
BIBLICAL PERIOD
THE SANCTUARY AND FIRST TEMPLE PERIOD
SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD
AFTER THE FALL OF JERUSALEM
RELATION TO EARLY CHRISTIAN ART
ART IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE
UNDER ISLAM
NORTHERN EUROPE
ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS
CRAFTS
THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD
RITUAL ART
FUNERARY ART
THE ART OF THE PRINTED BOOK
THE REVIVAL OF MANUSCRIPT ART
NEW DEVELOPMENTS
Modern Jewish Art
WESTERN EUROPE
The 19 Century
The 20 Century
EASTERN EUROPE
MODERN EREẒ ISRAEL
The Creation of the Bezalel School
The 1920s
The 1930s
The 1940s
New Horizons
The 1960s
The 1970s
The 1980s and After
UNITED STATES
Before 1900
1900–1945
1945–1990
The Holocaust in Jewish American Art
Last Decade of the Twentieth Century
Art in the Ghettos and the Camps during the Holocaust
PORTRAITS AND "PRIVILEGED ARTISTS"
PORTRAYAL OF THE CAMPS
DAILY LIFE – INDOOR AND OUTDOORS SCENES
FOOD
DEPORTATIONS
LANDSCAPES
ART AS A MEANS OF CONNECTION WITH THE OUTSIDE WORLD
Art Influenced by the Holocaust

Antiquity to 1800

Whether there exists a form of art that can be described as "Jewish Art" has long been a matter for discussion. What is indisputable is that at every stage of their history the Jews and their ancestors of biblical times expressed themselves in various art forms which inevitably reflect contemporary styles and fashions and the environment in which they lived. For purposes of cult and of religious observance, as well as for household and personal adornment, Jews have constantly produced or made use of objects which appealed in some fashion to their aesthetic sense. In a famous passage (Shab. 133b), the rabbis, commenting on Exodus 15:2, prescribed that God should be "adorned" by the use of beautiful implements for the performance of religious observances. A problem exists, however, regarding the Jewish attitude toward figurative and representational art. The Pentateuchal code in many places (Ex. 20:4; Deut. 5:8 and in great detail 4:16–18) ostensibly